Technology9

Category: System design

  • Type 2 Hypervisor

    A Type 2 Hypervisor, also known as a hosted hypervisor, runs on top of an existing operating system (OS), leveraging the OS to manage hardware resources. Unlike Type 1 hypervisors, which operate directly on physical hardware, Type 2 hypervisors abstract resources through the host OS, making them suitable for development, testing, and non-production environments. This…

  • CVCS (Central Version Control System)

    Centralized Version Control System (CVCS) is a model where all version history is stored in a single, central repository. Unlike Distributed Version Control Systems (DVCS), where every contributor has a full copy of the repository, in CVCS, users only check out the most recent version of files from the central repository. This makes CVCS simpler…

  • (Pub-Sub) Model

    The Publish-Subscribe (Pub-Sub) model is a messaging pattern in distributed systems that decouples the message sender (publisher) from the message receiver (subscriber). In this model, publishers send messages without knowing who will receive them, and subscribers express interest in specific types of messages. This architecture facilitates highly scalable, event-driven communication, commonly used in modern messaging…

  • NTFS (Window File system)

    NTFS (New Technology File System) is a robust, advanced file system developed by Microsoft for Windows operating systems, offering significant improvements over earlier FAT file systems. Designed with performance, security, and reliability in mind, NTFS has become the default file system for Windows, supporting modern computing needs. Key Features of NTFS 1. Enhanced Security: NTFS…

  • Agile Development Model

    The Agile Development model is a framework used in software engineering to facilitate iterative and incremental development. It emphasizes flexibility, collaboration, and customer feedback, aiming to deliver small, functional pieces of software in short cycles, known as sprints. Key Principles of Agile: Iterative Development: Software is developed in small, manageable chunks. Customer Collaboration: Frequent communication…

  • Capacity Estimation (System Design)

    Capacity estimation is a critical aspect of software engineering, particularly in ensuring that systems and applications meet anticipated demand without compromising performance. It involves quantifying the maximum workload a system can handle efficiently. Estimation requires detailed analysis of parameters such as CPU utilization, memory usage, disk I/O, network bandwidth, and latency. Core Components of Capacity…

  • Role Of Synthetic Media in SDLC

    In the context of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), synthetic media represents digitally generated content created through artificial intelligence, machine learning, and other advanced algorithms. It has emerged as a powerful tool, impacting stages from requirements gathering to testing by enabling advanced simulations, interactive prototypes, and more adaptable media assets. Definition and Scope Synthetic media…

  • Functional Requirements : SDLC (Req Engineering)

    In Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), functional requirements specify the system’s essential behaviors, outputs, and interactions with users or other systems. They define what a system should do, as opposed to how it does it, serving as a blueprint for system features and operational functions. Structure of Functional Requirements 1. User Stories or Use Cases:…

  • Write-heavy Systems

    In a write-heavy system, the majority of database operations involve frequent data insertions, updates, or deletions rather than reads. These systems often focus on efficient data ingestion and consistency to handle high write loads and are commonly found in applications such as logging, metrics collection, and IoT data storage, where large volumes of data are…

  • Read Heavy Systems

    A read-heavy system is a system architecture optimized for scenarios where the frequency of data retrieval operations (reads) significantly outweighs the frequency of data updates or insertions (writes). This balance affects the architecture’s design, particularly around caching, data replication, and database optimization. Key Characteristics of a Read-Heavy System 1. High Cache Utilization: By caching frequently…

  • UML Class Diagram

    Unified Modeling Language (UML) Class Diagrams serve as a blueprint for structuring object-oriented software, articulating relationships, attributes, and behaviors of classes within a system. At a high level, each class in UML is a visual representation of a data structure and its functions, divided into three main segments: the class name, attributes, and methods. This…

  • Binary Search

    Binary Search is a highly efficient algorithm for searching a sorted array or list. Unlike linear search, which checks each element one by one, binary search divides the problem in half with every iteration, making it logarithmic in nature. This reduces the time complexity significantly to O(log n), making it ideal for large datasets. How…

  • DFS (Depth-First Search)

    Depth-First Search (DFS) is a graph traversal algorithm that explores as far along each branch as possible before backtracking. It’s one of the foundational algorithms in computer science used for graph and tree-based structures. DFS is widely used in scenarios such as pathfinding, cycle detection, and solving puzzles like Sudoku or mazes. Key Concepts DFS…

  • Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)

    Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) is a computing approach designed to quickly answer complex queries in a multidimensional dataset, primarily used for data analytics and business intelligence (BI). Unlike Online Transactional Processing (OLTP), which manages routine transactions, OLAP is optimized for analyzing and summarizing large volumes of data. Key Concepts in OLAP Multidimensional Data Models: OLAP…

  • Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)

    Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) is a high-performance approach for managing transactional data, widely used in systems requiring fast and reliable transactions, such as banking and e-commerce. OLTP systems are designed to handle a large volume of short, atomic transactions, often involving updates, inserts, or deletions of small data segments. Key Characteristics 1. Atomicity and Concurrency:…

  • TLS 2.0: Transport Layer Security

    As secure communication remains a priority for developers and organizations, TLS (Transport Layer Security) has long been a cornerstone of internet security protocols. Although TLS 1.3 is the latest official version, the concept of a hypothetical “TLS 2.0” raises intriguing questions for software engineers. What should the next generation of TLS entail to address today’s…

  • ACID / CAP / SOLID Principle

    ACID properties, SOLID principles, and the CAP Theorem. This analysis will summarize the key points, highlighting the importance of these concepts in software development. ACID Properties ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) ensures reliable database transactions. These properties are crucial for maintaining data integrity and preventing errors. SOLID Principles SOLID (Single Responsibility, Open-Closed, Liskov Substitution, Interface…

  • SOLID Principles : Deep Dive

    In the vast expanse of object-oriented programming, crafting robust, maintainable, scalable, and adaptable software systems is the holy grail. This is where the SOLID principles come into play, a quintessential set of five indispensable tenets that guide developers in creating resilient, efficient, and modular designs. SOLID Principles: A Taxonomy of Excellence. SOLID is an acronym…

  • ACID Compliance : Deep View

    In the rarefied realm of database management, ensuring the integrity, consistency, and reliability of transactions is paramount. This is where ACID compliance comes into play, a set of principles that guarantees the accuracy, consistency, and durability of database transactions, thereby mitigating the risk of data corruption, inconsistencies, and anomalies. ACID is an acronym that encapsulates…

  • Caching to drive efficiency and reduce latency

    Caching is more than a quick hack for website speed; it’s a sophisticated system for optimizing data retrieval, a hidden architecture for efficiency, and honestly, one of the most underrated innovations in computing. As a tech-savvy, socially-conscious developer, understanding caching means understanding how to balance speed, sustainability, and reliability in digital infrastructure. Let’s break it…

  • Create and Use : AWS Network Load Balancer (NLB)

    In the grand landscape of modern computing, where applications dance across servers and data flows unimpeded, an unseen champion manages the traffic with elegance and precision—AWS’s Network Load Balancer (NLB). Introduced to handle high levels of traffic with low latency, the Network Load Balancer holds a unique and indispensable role in the cloud infrastructure of…

  • API Gateway at Layer 4

    In the world of network architecture, the API Gateway is the unsung hero, standing guard at the gateway to application services, orchestrating requests, enforcing security, and ensuring that client applications communicate seamlessly with backend systems. When we focus specifically on an API Gateway functioning at Layer 4 of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, we…

  • Integrate and Scale AWS SNS

    Amazon Simple Notification Service (SNS) is a fully managed messaging service that enables you to send notifications from the cloud. Whether you’re developing applications that need to alert users or process events asynchronously, AWS SNS provides a scalable and reliable way to communicate across distributed systems. What is AWS SNS? AWS SNS allows you to…

  • Integrating EC2 with Lambda (serverless)

    Integrating EC2 Servers with Lambda Functions: A Comprehensive Guide, explore the comprehensive step by step guide. Prerequisites Connection Methods API Gateway provides a secure and scalable entry point for your application programming interface (API). Step 1: Create API Gateway Step 2: Integrate with Lambda Step 3: Connect EC2 to API Gateway SQS provides a reliable…

  • API Gateway and Load Balancer Integration

    API gateway and Load Balancer Integration is very vital to render scalable and robust infrastructure. The API gateway is the first point of contact for the internet and protocol-specific traffic, the api gateway is the gateway where user identity, TLS offloading, metrics, and traffic monitoring takes place. The API gateways are integrated with WAF; WEB ACCESS FIREWALL is a very vital…

  • Application Layer Load Balancing (ALB)

    The application layer load balancing is needed to ensure a safe, secure flow of traffic from API gateways to the healthy servers, different set of load balancing algorithms are implemented to carry out different types of load balancing.  The load balancer serves as the primary interface for clients, efficiently spreading incoming application traffic among a range of…

  • Network Layer Load balancer (NLB)

    The network layer load balancer will carry out load balancing activities in the layer 4 (transport layer OSI MODEL); the TCP and UDP connection-based load balancing will be carried out by the network layer load balancer.  In an enterprise setting, API gateways, application layer load balancers, and network layer load balancers are all utilized to effectively manage…