Category: CPU

  • In Network Compute

    In-network compute refers to the concept of performing computational tasks within the network infrastructure itself, such as switches, routers, or network interface cards (NICs), instead of relying solely on traditional centralized computing devices. This approach reduces latency, optimizes bandwidth, and improves overall system efficiency by processing data closer to its source or within the data…

  • Accelerated Computing

    Accelerated computing refers to the use of specialized hardware and software technologies to perform complex computations faster than traditional general-purpose CPUs. These technologies include GPUs (Graphics Processing Units), TPUs (Tensor Processing Units), FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), and custom accelerators. This paradigm is pivotal in domains like artificial intelligence, machine learning, scientific simulations, and data…

  • TFLOPS

    TFLOPS, short for Tera Floating Point Operations Per Second, is a unit of measurement that quantifies a computer system’s ability to execute one trillion (10¹²) floating-point operations per second. Floating-point operations are essential for complex computations in scientific research, machine learning, gaming, and real-time simulations. TFLOPS is used as a benchmark to evaluate high-performance computing…

  • FLOPS

    FLOPS, or Floating Point Operations Per Second, is a metric used to measure the performance of a computer system, particularly its ability to handle arithmetic calculations involving floating-point numbers. Floating-point arithmetic is critical in fields such as scientific computing, machine learning, simulations, and graphics rendering, where precision is essential. FLOPS quantifies the number of calculations…

  • Executables

    Executables are files containing machine code instructions that a computer can directly execute. These files are the end result of compiling and linking source code written in programming languages like C, C++, or Rust. Executables are platform-specific, meaning an executable file created for one operating system (e.g., Windows) won’t run on another (e.g., Linux) without…

  • Assembly code

    Assembly code, often referred to as assembly language, is a low-level programming language closely aligned with a computer’s machine language. It serves as a bridge between high-level languages like Python or C and the binary instructions executed by a CPU. Each assembly instruction corresponds to a single operation performed by the processor, such as arithmetic,…

  • Binary Stream

    A binary stream is a continuous sequence of binary data transmitted or processed without predefined structure. It represents raw data in its most fundamental form, as a series of bits (0s and 1s), enabling efficient communication, storage, and processing across various systems. Binary streams are widely used in file systems, network communications, and inter-process communication…

  • CPU and I/O scheduling in OS

    CPU and I/O scheduling are critical components of operating systems, designed to optimize the performance and resource utilization of a computer system. They determine the order in which processes access the CPU and I/O devices, ensuring fairness and efficiency. This article provides an in-depth analysis of these scheduling techniques, supplemented by schematics and code examples.…

  • Memory Hierarchy: Cache, Main Memory, and Secondary Storage

    Memory hierarchy is a structured arrangement of storage systems in a computer, designed to bridge the gap between the CPU’s high processing speed and the slower memory units. This hierarchy ensures efficient data access by prioritizing faster, smaller, and costlier memory closer to the CPU, while larger, slower, and more economical memory resides farther away.…

  • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) in Computer Organization and Architecture

    The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is a critical component of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in computer systems. As the name suggests, the ALU performs arithmetic and logic operations, serving as the computational core of a computer. It is responsible for executing the basic operations that form the foundation of all computational tasks. Functions of…

  • Hyper-Threading : Concepts & Implementation

    Hyper-Threading (HT) is a technology introduced by Intel that allows a single physical processor core to appear as two logical cores to the operating system, enabling more efficient CPU resource utilization. While this technology increases the throughput of a system, it also necessitates understanding and managing system compliance and performance implications, especially in high-performance and…

  • Bandwidth Utilisation

    In computing and telecommunications, bandwidth refers to the maximum data transfer rate of a network or Internet connection. Specifically, it is the amount of data that can be transmitted from one point to another within a specified time, typically measured in bits per second (bps). Bandwidth is critical for software engineers when designing and optimizing…

  • Physical Addressing

    In computing, a physical address (also referred to as a real address) is a memory address in the form of a binary number that identifies a specific location in the computer’s physical memory. This address is used by the address bus to access the corresponding storage cell in main memory or a memory-mapped I/O device,…

  • CPU : Deep Dive

    The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the beating heart of any computer system, often referred to as the “brain” of the machine. Imagine it as the control center, directing traffic in a bustling city of data, operations, and instructions. Let’s break down its significance, components, and functionality in a fresh and unique way. 1. What…

  • Running Code

    Code execution is a complex process and during the code compilation and interpretation encountering errors and exceptions is a highly probable event, hence making the exceptions  and errors more detailed helps in better trouble shooting and code rectification. Running Code can be complex process if not organized well via leveraging version control and IDEs. It is always better to…

  • OS Kernel

    OS Kernel can be referred to as the heart and brain of the OS, the kernel is the core program OS is based upon, the kernel resides in the memory of the hardware (HARD DISK) and is responsible for booting and spinning up the servers, the kernel is a bridge between the hardware and software components. The kernel is responsible for controlling,…

  • VPS and Virtualization

    VPS are virtual servers with dedicated IP ADDRESSES that are hosted on BARE-METAL devices, many virtual servers can be created with the power of TYPE 1 and TYPE 2 Virtualization. VPS are created via type1 and type 2 virtualization.   The virtual machine will host machine images, and the machine image will consume CPU and MEMORY resources. VPS are highly customizable, portable, and…

  • CPU Utilization

    CPU utilization refers to the amount of CPU that is utilized to execute tasks assigned by the OS, the tasks are assigned via APPLICATION PROGRAM and SYSTEM PROGRAM, which are hosted by the OS. CPU utilization is a metric that provides the usage data of CPU resources, CPU utilization is directly proportional to the computational tasks, the higher the computational task, the higher the CPU…

  • Registers

    The register is the smaller memory unit, which holds data during processing. The register holds data, physical addresses, instructions, operands, and character values. The register holds data and instructions for real-time processing. Registers hold data that the CPU is processing. The instructions stored in the register will go through processing, eg the value stored in two registers can be added via add operations,…

  • CACHE

    In computer system the cache memory is used to store temporary files / data, which will be used frequently, the cache memory is expensive as compared to another types of persistence storage. Data that is used frequently is stored in cache memory. The cache works in 3 levels: L1 Cache – Fastest SpeedL2 Cache –…

  • ALU (Arithmetic Logical Unit)

    ALU full form is arithmetic logical unit, all the mathematical and logical operations are carried out by ALU. ALU is a combinational digital circuit which performs the following ops: Arithmetic operations | Bit-wise Operations | Logical Operations In order to carry out floating point operations, the floating point unit is leveraged. In order to carry…