ICMP is a network layer protocol (IP layer protocol). ICMP is for IPV4 and is defined in RFC 92. ICMP for IPV6 is defined in RFC 4443.
The Structure of ICMP is :
TYPE | CODE | CHECKSUM | CONTENT (header of ICMP)
ICMP is leveraged for diagnostic and control purposes.
Many command line utilities are based on ICMP, ICMP is the network protocol of OSI MODEL. The ICMP packet in the PDU is encapsulated in IPV4.
The ICMP packet consists of a header Type, code, and checksum Data will be included in ICMP packet data.
ICMP consists of control message types |Echo reply | Source quench | Router advertisement and many more, some are continued and some of them are depreciated. ICMP inception was in 1981 and ICMP was developed by DARPA.
Network utilities like traceroute, ping, etc are based on ICMP. A very popular attack called ping of death is also based on ICMP protocol as it is exploited to gain network access via the network layer via ICMP Protocol.
Control messages in ICMP include:
Source quench
Redirect
Time exceeded
Timestamp
Timestamp reply
Address mask request
Address mask reply
Destination unreachable
next hop MTU
IP header
Diagrams
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